References
Aakko, P. and Nylund, N-O. (2003) Particle emissions at moderate and cold temperatures using different fuels. Project report PRO3/P5057/03. IEA/AMF Task 22.
Aakko-Saksa, P., Koponen, P., Kihlman, J., Reinikainen, M., Skyttä, E., Rantanen-Kolehmainen, L. and Engman, A. (2011) Biogasoline options for conventional spark-ignition cars. VTT Working Papers : 187. VTT, Espoo, 2011, 200 p. + app. 9 p.
Aakko-Saksa, P., Murtonen, T., Roslund, P., Koponen, P., Nuottimäki, J., Karjalainen, P., Rönkkö, T., Timonen, H., Saarikoski, S. and Hillamo, R. (2014) Research on Unregulated Pollutants Emissions of Vehicles Fuelled with Alcohol Alternative Fuels - VTT's contribution to the IEA-AMF Task 44. Research Report : VTT-R-03970-14, 2014 . VTT, 28 p. + app. 6 p. IEA-AMF Task 44.
Akimoto, H. et al. (2011) Integrated Assessment of Black Carbon and Tropospheric Ozone. © Copyright: UNEP and WMO 2011.
Altshuler, S. (2002) PM Emissions: the Debate over Nano particles, October 6, 2002. Presentation.
Carter, W. and Atkinson, R. (1987) Experimental Study of Incremental Hydrocarbon Reactivity. Environ. Sci. Technol. 21(1987)670–679.
Carter, W. (2001) Determination of aldehyde and PAN formation potentials for volatil organic compounds. Final Report to the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Contract No. 00-E0027.
Carter, W. (2010) Updated maximum incremental reactivity scale and hydrocarbon bin reactivities for regulatory applications. Report for California Air Resources Board Contract 07-339.
Czerwinski, J. (2014) 4th Information Report for IEA Implementing Agreement AMF, International activities. IEA-AMF Task 42.
Collins, J., Brown, J., Alexeeff, G. and Salmon, A. (1998) Potency equivalency factors for some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives. Reg. Toxicology and Pharmacology 28, 45–54.
DEFRA (2001) Expert Panel on Air Quality Standards Airborne Particles: What is the appropriate measurement on which to base a standard? A Discusson Document Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs. 17 May 2001.
Drechsler, D. M., Garcia, C., Mehadi, A., Nystrom, M. Propper, R. Rake, D. Takemoto, B., VanCuren, T., Webber, W., Ostro, B., Dodge, D. Lipsett, M. (2004) Review of the California Ambient Air Quality Standard For Ozone, Volume I, California Environmental Protection Agency.
EEA (2012a) European Environment Agency. Air quality in Europe — 2012 report. EEA Report No 4/2012.
EEA (2012b) European Environment Agency. The contribution of transport to air quality. EEA Report No 10/2012.
EEA (2015) European Environment Agency. Air quality in Europe — 2015 report. EEA Report No 5/2015.
EU (2001) Ambient air pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Position Paper. ISBN 92-894‑2057-X.
HEI (2002) Diesel Epidemiology Working Group. Research Directions to Improve Estimates of Human Exposure and Risk from Diesel Exhaust. Health Effects Institute, Boston MA.
HEI (2007) Mobile-source air toxics: A critical review of the literature on exposure and health effects, Special Report 16. HEI, Health Effects Institute. USA, 2007.
Health Effects Institute (2015). Executive Summary. The Advanced Collaborative Emissions Study (ACES). Boston, MA:Health Effects Institute.
IARC (1999). Re-evaluation of some organic chemicals, hydrazine and hydrogen peroxide. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum, 71: 1–315. PMID:10507919
IARC (2010). Some non-heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and some related exposures. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum, 92: 1–853. PMID:21141735.
IARC (2012). Arsenic, metals, fibres, and dusts. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum, 100C: 1–499. PMID:23189751.
IARC (2013). Diesel and gasoline engine exhausts and some nitroarenes. IARC Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Volume 105. ISBN 978 92 832 13284.
IARC (2016) Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Volume 109. http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/latest_classif.php.
Jalava, P., Aakko-Saksa, P., Murtonen, T., Happo, M.S., Markkanen, A., Yli-Pirilä, P., Hakulinen, P., Hillamo, R., Mäki-Paakkanen, J., Salonen, R.O., Jokiniemi, J. and Hirvonen, M.-R. (2012) Toxicological properties of emission particles from heavy duty engines powered by conventional and bio-based diesel fuels and compressed natural gas Particle and Fibre Toxicology. Vol. 9 (2012) No: 37. doi: 10.1186/1743-8977-9-37
Kittelson, D.B., Watts, W.F. Johnson, J. (2002) Diesel Aerosol Sampling Methodology - CRC E-43: Final Report, University of Minnesota.
Li, N, Georas, S., Alexis, N., Fritz, P., Xia, T., Williams, M. A., Horner, E. and Nel, A. A work group report on ultrafine particles (American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology): Why ambient ultrafine and engineered nanoparticles should receive special attention for possible adverse health outcomes in human subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol., 2016. In press.
Mejia-Centeno, I., Martínez-Hernández, A. and Fuentes, G. (2007) Effect of low-sulfur fuels upon NH3 and N2O emission during operation of commercial three-way catalytic converters. Topics in Catalysis. Vols. 42–43, May 2007.
Myhre, G., D., Shindell, F.-M., Bréon, W., Collins, J., Fuglestvedt, J., Huang, D., Koch, J.-F., Lamarque, D., Lee, B., Mendoza, T., Nakajima, A., Robock, G., Stephens, T., Takemura and H. Zhang (2013) "Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing". In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, AR5.
The Nordic Ecolabelling (2008) Swan labeling of fuels. Version 1.0. 25 June 2008 – 30 June 2010.
OEHHA (2009) Technical support document for cancer potency factors. California Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. May 2009.
Portmann, R. W., Daniel J. S. and Ravishankara, A. R. (2012) Stratospheric ozone depletion due to nitrous oxide: influences of other gases, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B (2012) 367, 1256–1264.
Public Health England (2015) Ammonia – Toxicological overview.
Querini F, Béziat JC, Morel S, Boch V, Rousseaux P (2011) Life cycle assessment of automotive fuels: critical analysis and recommendations on the emissions inventory in the tank to wheels stage. Int J Life Cycle Assess 16:454–464.
Rosenblatt, D., Morgan, C., McConnell, S., and Nuottimäki, J. (2014) Particulate Measurements: Ethanol and Isobutanol in Direct Injection Spark Ignited Engines. Final report. IEA-AMF Task 35-2.
Tiehallinto (2001) Tieliikenteen ajokustannukset 2000. TIEH 2123614-01. (In Finnish).
US EPA (1998) 1990 Emissions inventory of Section 112(c)(6) pollutants. Final report. April 1998.
US EPA (2001) Control of emissions of hazardous air pollutants from mobile sources. Final Rule. 40 CFR Parts 80 and 86. United States Environmental Protection Agency, 29 March 2001.
US EPA (2007) Control of hazardous air pollutants from mobile sources. Final rule, 40 CFR Parts 59, 80, 85 and 86. United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2007.
US EPA websites, 7.7.2016. https://www3.epa.gov/airquality/nitrogenoxides/health.html, https://www3.epa.gov/airtrends/aqtrnd95/no2.html
US EPA IRIS (2010) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). http://www.epa.gov/IRIS/. Data as of September 2010.
Vallero, D. (2014) Fundamentals of Air Pollution (5). Saint Louis, US: Academic Press, 2014. ProQuest ebrary. Web. 6 July 2016.
Website references as in August 2016: US EPA website and http://www.extraordinaryroadtrip.org/research-library/air-pollution/understanding-air-pollution/nitrogen-dioxide/health.asp
WHO (2014) World Health Organisation. Burden of disease from the joint effects of Household and Ambient Air Pollution for 2012. Final report, March 2014.
Windawi, H. Controlling the Exhaust Emissions from Alternative Fuel Vehicles. New opportunity for platinum metal catalysts. Platinum Metals Rev., 1992, 36, (4), 185-195.

